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    <title>Engevity News — Research</title>
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    <description>How science gets made and checked: grant decisions, peer review practice, replication attempts, retractions and the incentives shaping publication.</description>
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      <title>How does peer review actually work before publication?</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Before a scientific claim reaches print, an editor and a small group of outside experts read it first — a filter meant to catch errors, not to guarantee a finding is correct.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2026 08:42:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
      <category>Research</category>
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      <title>When animal studies fail to translate</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Around nine in ten drug candidates entering human trials fail there. Why animal results so rarely translate, and how to read them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
      <category>Research</category>
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      <title>What makes an observational study strong</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Confounding control, timing and comparison groups decide whether observational research holds up. The hormone therapy lesson, explained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
      <category>Research</category>
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      <title>How conflict of interest disclosures work</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[COI disclosures declare the financial ties that could bias research. What they reveal, where they are filed, and what they cannot do.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
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      <title>Why preprints are not peer reviewed yet</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A preprint is posted before any journal examines it. What that status means, why it exists, and how readers should treat such findings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
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      <title>What a meta-analysis actually combines</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A meta-analysis pools comparable studies into one weighted estimate. Here is how it works, and where pooling goes wrong.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
      <category>Research</category>
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      <title>How a finding earns the label reproducible</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Replication checks whether a finding survives repetition; the largest tests so far found effects shrink about half the time. Here is how it works.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
      <category>Research</category>
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      <title>Why sample size matters in medical research</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Sample size sets statistical power; underpowered studies miss real effects and exaggerate the ones they catch. Here is how readers check.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>What a cohort study can and cannot show</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Cohort studies follow people forward for decades, revealing associations trials cannot test, but they cannot prove cause on their own.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>What effect size means beyond significance</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Effect size measures how large a finding really is; here is why absolute and relative numbers can tell very different stories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Samuel Achebe</dc:creator>
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      <title>How a clinical trial arm actually works</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A clinical trial arm is one predefined group under one rule; randomization and controls make the comparison between arms the real result.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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