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    <title>Engevity News — Literacy</title>
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    <description>Practical tools for judging evidence: relative versus absolute risk, confidence intervals, control groups, disclosures, and wording that hides weak data.</description>
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      <title>What a p-value actually means (and what it doesn&apos;t)</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A p-value measures how surprising data would be under no effect — not whether a finding is true or how big it is. Here is the statistic explained, and its documented traps.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:54:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
      <category>Literacy</category>
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      <title>How peer review works, and what it doesn&apos;t catch</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Peer review checks methods and reasoning before publication — but not data, replication, or fraud. Here is how the system works and where its documented limits lie.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 08:54:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Bianca Torres</dc:creator>
      <category>Literacy</category>
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      <title>Peer review may catch less bad science than readers assume</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A 2025 analysis in PNAS finds reviewers often disagree with each other — and shows which specific fixes actually help.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2026 08:42:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>How to check a health claim in five minutes</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A five-step checklist for checking health claims: find the study, match the design, check size, funding, and independent corroboration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Yasmin Haddad</dc:creator>
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      <title>What preregistering a trial prevents</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Preregistration and ClinicalTrials.gov explained: how filed plans prevent outcome switching and selective reporting in clinical trials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
      <category>Literacy</category>
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      <title>How press releases spin uncertain findings</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[University press releases exaggerate uncertain findings before journalists ever write — the BMJ evidence and how readers can spot it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Bianca Torres</dc:creator>
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      <title>Why one study is never the last word</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why one study never settles a question: replication, weight of evidence, and how science's cumulative checks correct early findings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Bianca Torres</dc:creator>
      <category>Literacy</category>
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      <title>How to spot a predatory journal</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Predatory journal warning signs: instant peer review, unverified editors, hidden fees — and a three-step check any reader can run.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>What a confidence interval tells a reader</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[What a confidence interval means: how the range around a study's result shows uncertainty, sample size effects, and hidden significance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Bianca Torres</dc:creator>
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      <title>What absolute versus relative risk really means</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Absolute vs relative risk explained: why a 50 percent risk increase can mean one extra case per thousand, and how to convert headlines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Yasmin Haddad</dc:creator>
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      <title>Why anecdotes persuade but do not prove</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Anecdotal evidence vs data: how survivorship bias, availability, and placebo effects make true stories into bad proof.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Bianca Torres</dc:creator>
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      <title>Why correlation is not causation in headlines</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Correlation vs causation explained: how confounders, reverse causation, and headline habits turn simple associations into false causes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Yasmin Haddad</dc:creator>
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      <title>How to read a scientific paper in twenty minutes</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[A three-pass method — abstract, figures, limitations — shows how to read a scientific paper in twenty minutes and judge the claim it makes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
      <category>Literacy</category>
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